Islamic Law

slamic Law

Islamic law (fiqh) covers two main areas, rules in relation to actions and rules in relation to circumstances surrounding actions.

Rules in relation to actions ('amaliyya—عملية) comprise:

* Obligation (fardh)

* Recommendation (Mostahab)

* Permissibility (mubah)

* Disrecommendation (makrooh)

* Prohibition (haram)

Rules in relation to circumstances (wadia') comprise:

* Condition (shart)

* Cause (sabab)

* Preventor (mani)

* Permit/Enforce (rukhsah, azeemah)

* Valid/Corrupt/Invalid (sahih, faasid, batil)

* In time/Debt/Repeat (adaa, al-qadaa, i'ada)

Fiqh is grouped into two parts:

1. Ibadaat (worship) 2. Mua'malaat (dealings & transactions)

Fields of jurisprudence

* Islamic economical jurisprudence

* Islamic political jurisprudence

* Islamic marital jurisprudence

* Islamic criminal jurisprudence

* Islamic etiquettical jurisprudence

* Islamic theological jurisprudence

* Islamic hygienical jurisprudence

* Islamic military jurisprudence

Methodologies of jurisprudence usul al-fiqh

The Modus operandi of the Muslim jurist is known as usul al-fiqh (principles of jurisprudence).

There are different approaches to the methodology used in fiqh to derive sharia from the Islamic sources. The main methodologies are:

* The four classical Sunni schools are, in chronological order: the Hanafi school, the Maliki school, the Shafi'i school and the Hanbali school. They represent the generally accepted Sunni authority for Islamic jurisprudence. The four most famous schools mentioned go back to the schools as Sufian Bin Oyayna. [ citation needed]

Other schools are the Zaidi, Jafari, Zahiri, Sufian Al'thawree, Sufian bin O'yayna, Layth bin Sa'ad, Tabari and Qurtubi.

* Jafari fiqh , or the Shi'a fiqh

* Qur'an alonefiqh